Melissa Stroebel

Objectives: This session presents a systemic framework for understanding current ecosystem responses to Sadistic Online Exploitation (SOE). It aims to (1) situate SOE as an emergent, networked form of youth harm within the broader landscape of technology-facilitated child sexual abuse and exploitation, (2) identify systemic gaps in existing response frameworks, and (3) propose actionable, cross-sector strategies to improve early identification, coordinated response, and long-term capacity.

Methods: Findings are based on qualitative research combining a targeted review of more than 50 multidisciplinary sources with semi-structured interviews with 35 practitioners across eight countries. Participants span law enforcement, industry, NGOs, clinical services, and academia, enabling cross-sector insight into current practices and challenges.

Results: Findings indicate that SOE operates not only as a discrete offense, but as a networked system of harm involving social, technological, and behavioral dynamics. Early behavioral signals often exist but are under-recognized or fragmented across systems. Current response efforts are hindered by gaps in crossdomain
intelligence sharing, limited coordination across sectors, and insufficient pathways for prevention and disengagement. These challenges delay intervention and reduce the effectiveness of disruption efforts across the threat lifecycle.

Conclusions: Existing response models are not fully equipped to address the systemic and networked nature of SOE. Strengthening response requires a shift toward more integrated, multi-sector approaches that align detection, intervention, and long-term support.
Anticipated Key Learnings:
1) SOE is best understood as a networked system of harm, not solely a discrete offense
2) Early behavioural indicators exist but are under-recognized and insufficiently operationalized
3) Effective response depends on integrating intelligence across law enforcement, platforms, and
support services
4) Prevention and exit pathways are critical but remain underdeveloped
5) Structural coordination across sectors is a primary gap limiting effective intervention